Over the past decade, the population explosion, rise in global warming, depletion of fossil fuel resources and environmental pollution has been the major driving force for promoting and implementing the principles of green chemistry and sustainable engineering in all sectors ranging from chemical to environmental sciences. It is noteworthy to mention that production of biofuels, exploitation of renewable energy sources and use of ecologically safer products in applied sectors are becoming increasingly important for the development of alternative sustainable technologies. Integrating Green Chemistry and Sustainable Engineering focusses on latest sustainable technologies and developments and describes how sustainable chemistry and engineering practices are being applied and integrated in various industrial sectors. The book addresses emerging topics including biofuel production, CO2 conversation to green fuels, advanced green polymers in coating applications, biological macromolecules in medical sector, biofertilizers for agricultural sector, bioadsorption and much more. Integrating Green Chemistry and Sustainable Engineering. Chitosan A Wonder Molecule. Applications of Nanomaterials in Biological Research. Prospects and Challenges.


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In physics , aether theories also known as ether theories propose the existence of a medium, a space-filling substance or field, thought to be necessary as a transmission medium for the propagation of electromagnetic or gravitational forces. Since the development of special relativity , theories using a substantial aether fell out of use in modern physics , and are now joined by more abstract models. This early modern aether has little in common with the aether of classical elements from which the name was borrowed. The assorted theories embody the various conceptions of this medium and substance. Albert Einstein sometimes used the word aether for the gravitational field within general relativity , but this terminology never gained widespread support. We may say that according to the general theory of relativity space is endowed with physical qualities; in this sense, therefore, there exists an aether. According to the general theory of relativity space without aether is unthinkable; for in such space there not only would be no propagation of light, but also no possibility of existence for standards of space and time measuring-rods and clocks , nor therefore any space-time intervals in the physical sense. But this aether may not be thought of as endowed with the quality characteristic of ponderable media, as consisting of parts which may be tracked through time.
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